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Aluminium is the third most abundant element (after oxygen and silicon), and the most abundant metal, in the Earth's crust. It makes up about 8% by weight of the Earth's solid surface. Aluminium metal is too reactive chemically to occur natively. Instead, it is found combined in over 270 different minerals. The chief ore of aluminium is bauxite.

The metal was first produced in 1825 in an impure form by Danish physicist and chemist Hans Christian Ørsted. He reacted anhydrous aluminium chloride with potassium amalgam, yielding a lump of metal looking similar to tin. Friedrich Wöhler was aware of these experiments and cited them, but after redoing the experiments of Ørsted he concluded that this metal was pure potassium. He conducted a similar experiment in 1827 by mixing anhydrous aluminium chloride with potassium and yielded aluminium. Wöhler is generally credited with isolating aluminium (Latin alumen, alum), but also Ørsted can be listed as its discoverer. Further, Pierre Berthierdiscovered aluminium in bauxite ore and successfully extracted it. Frenchman Henri Etienne Sainte-Claire Deville improved Wöhler's method in 1846, and described his improvements in a book in 1859, chief among these being the substitution of sodium for the considerably more expensive potassium.Deville likely also conceived the idea of the electrolysis of aluminium oxide dissolved in cryolite; Charles Martin Hall and Paul Héroult might have developed the more practical process after Deville.

Today, aluminum is used in the building industry as well as in manufacturing household articles, from lamps, to kettles and lemon squeezers, often with avant-garde designs. Stylists in many different fields take advantage of the revolutionary alloys developed by the aeronautic or aerospace industries, transforming them into furniture, haute couture clothing, jewellery and accessories. Without aluminum, protective wear for butchers and firemen would not exist. The aerospace adventure owes it a great deal as well

Since aluminium is extraordinarily strong, it is fundamental to both the automobile and the air travel industries. In fact, without this metal, there would not be any commercial air travel at all. The Wright’s brother first airplane to fly in 1903 only was able to get off the ground because they modified its engine with aluminum in order to reduce its weight. Without the ability of the strong aluminium alloys to withstand the huge pressures and stresses involved, high altitude flying would not be conceivable. In fact, aluminum comprises about 80 percent of an aircraft’s unladen weight. Even more amazing, the space shuttles created by NASA are a whole 90% aluminum.